Institutional Framework After The Lisbon Treaty - 1680 Words

b) Institutional framework after the Lisbon Treaty Institutionally, the EU does not have a strict and clear-cut separation of powers across its legislative and executive powers. This balance is therefore limited and guaranteed by the power of the judiciary: the ECJ. The 2007 Lisbon Treaty had the intention of ‘supranationationalisng’ the EU through institutional reforms after the failure of the Constitutional project. Yet, many elements, and of the treaty suggest that it has shifted the EU towards the intergovernmental side of the spectrum, thus propelling the Lisbon Treaty into an obvious paradox. On the intergovernmental side of the spectrum, states have gained further powers through a shared right of initiation when it comes with to Justice and Home Affairs (JHA). Yet, this right is obtained along side the Commission and the European Council. Moreover, any intention by the EU to reduce the number of Commissioners has been blocked, thus making them retain their previous powers, not further them. And finally, a study h as shown that Interest Groups have increased their lobbying of member states, rather than Commissioners . On the other hand, the accounts for the increase of delegation of power to the European level seem to be far more convincing than perceiving the EU as moving towards a more intergovernmental sphere after the Lisbon Treaty. Instances of the increase of power of the EU’s institutions are diverse. For instance, the EU has rendered the unanimity that memberShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Have The Reforms Introduced By The Lisbon Treaty Solved The Institution Problems Of The Eu?1521 Words   |  7 Pageserm paper: To what extent have the reforms introduced by the Lisbon Treaty solved the institution problems of the EU? Introduction: The paper concentrates on the current condition of the popularity based deficiency in the European Union after the institutional changes that have been presented by the Lisbon Treaty. The key issue that is analysed is whether the methodology of democratization and the changes gave by the Lisbon Treaty have reacted to the popularity based requests of the subjectsRead MoreEurope: The Lisbon Treaty1766 Words   |  8 PagesThe Lisbon treaty followed the disastrous Constitutional Treaty of 2004 that was rejected in referendums in France and the Netherlands. After a period of reflection, negotiations began for another treaty (Laursen, 2013:9). These negotiations continued for months, after which it was left to the Portuguese presidency to complete the Treaty, and thus the Treaty became known as the Lisbon Treaty. It was signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007, but only entered into force on 1 December 2009 following ratificationRead MoreEu Law Essay3021 Words   |  13 PagesThe Treaty o f Lisbon (ToL) was signed by twenty-seven member states (MS) on 13th December 2007 and entered into force on 1st December 2009 ending several years of negotiation about institutional issues. Below we will look at how the ToL has reformed the European Union (EU). The changes introduced by the ToL lie predominantly in the areas of constitutional and institutional reform. However, institutional change is the key driver behind the ToL. We will look at how the ToL has brought about theseRead MoreIs the EU Democratic?1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe European Union (EU), since the initial foundation in 1952 as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and throughout periods of development, has been considered one of the most advanced forms of regional integration. It, based on numerous treaties and resolutions, has strived to promote values such as peace, cooperation or democracy, and in 2012 was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for having â€Å"contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe† (NobelRead MoreEvolution of the European Council2465 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction To fully appreciate the position of the European Council within the European Union we first took a brief look at how the European Union came about. The European project first started soon after the second world with the creation of the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community) to harmonise relations between the Nations of Europe and to prevent any further conflicts of the scale of the wars that had preceded its creation. The new spirit of cooperation aimed to bring about a new era ofRead MoreInstitutional Changes From The Lisbon Treaty2001 Words   |  9 PagesIn order to look at whether the institutional changes from the Lisbon Treaty have been able to reduce the democratic pressure and if after these changes does the European Union still lack democratic accountability. We shall look at all the main insinuations and discuss the changes that were brought in and how these may have or haven’t contributed to make the union free form its democratic pressure. The Lisbon Treaty was signed by the member states on the 13 of December 2007, it amended the existingRead MoreEuropean Union : International Security And Defense Policy Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesEuropean Union. The European Union represents single institutional framework, based on three pillars: the Community pillar, which has a supranational character, the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar, and the Justice and Home Affairs pillar. The second and third pillars, have an intergovernmental character. Under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) domain are nested all questions related to the security of the EU, including the common defense. EU objectives in the area of externalRead MoreEuropean Integration And The European Union3311 Words   |  14 PagesI. The Initial Cooperation As the European Community continued to grow, immigration became a more prominent problem. There were increased movements between Western European countries as well as increases in labor and family unification migration. After World War 2, Western Europe became a major place for immigration and so now not only was there mass movements between the western countries, but also mass movements from outside countries. All of this led to a spike in asylum applications and greaterRead MoreThe Eu s Environmental Policy2920 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"green,† and to protect the health and wellbeing of people living in the EU and their future generations. Despite the prevalence of environmental policy today, its dynamic emergence onto the political arena was quite surprising in light of the institutional and legal conditions which existed in Europe in the late 1950s and 1960s. Acting without any legislative authority, European policy-makers initially increased the EU’s capacity to act by defining environmental policy as a trade problem (Knill)Read MoreEurope and Its Foreign Policy4212 Words   |  17 PagesMariaclara Ingrid Ludovici EU relations with the world Nowadays, the EU has adopted a foreign policy that has been modified and improved over time thanks to a series of treaties. It has been introduced to maintain EU values, interests, independence, and integrity of the Union. EU foreign and security policy has the aim of strengthening the Union’s security by keeping peace and promoting cooperation, democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. It is connected with four main aspects:

Theory and Philosphy - 729 Words

Theory and Philosophy of CRJU 5110 1. Describe the racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Why is their disparity in the CJS? From policing to a trial and the trail sentencing racial disparities persist at every stage of the United States Criminal Justice System. There are not a single factor that has contributed to racial profiling than the War on Drugs. All ethnic groups use and sell drugs at the same rate. Blacks and Hispanics comprise over 50% of these offenses. Whether on the federal, state, or local level police officers exercise discretion when determining whether someone’s behavior is suspicious enough that an investigation is done. Racial bias keeps more people of color in prisons and on probation than ever†¦show more content†¦Agnew groups the variables that have relatively large, direct effects on crime into five life domains. Briefly describe those life domains. Select any two of those five domains and describe how they index or affect constraints against or motivations for crime. The five life domains are the self, the family, the school, the peer group, and the work place. The self refers to the personal traits of an individual. Agnew suggests that self-control and irritability are important for explaining crime differences. Individuals tend not to persist in their efforts, if they have low self-control they tend to act in ways that are risky or impulsive. The family domain includes parents and siblings during childhood. It includes spouses and off springs during adulthood. Parental supervision and punishment exert direct control over crime. A family strain exists as a result of overly harsh or abusive parenting. The school and peer domain overlap. The school domain consists of an individual’s academic performance and their intention with authority figures in the school. Agnew thought that students who had poor teacher communication of rules were more susceptible to crime. Poor academic performance may increase motivation by inducing strain and decreasing constraints. The workplace refers to one’s occupational success and failures. This domain refers to more than one socioeconomic status. Agnew suggests that crime is higher among those are unemployed as well as those whoShow MoreRelatedDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice1675 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment. With this philosophy in a curriculum, children play with materials that are open-ended, choose freely what and who they want to play, and and are encouraged to learn in their own way with play being the focus of this approach. Another philosphy in early childhood is an anthroposophical philosophy that is now coined as the Waldorf Approach. This philosophy derived from an Austiran philosopher named Rudolf Steiner. It recognized a â€Å"spritual science that allowed the individual to researchRead More Reaction Paper: Was Marx Wrong?705 Words   |  3 Pagesa man of tremendous intelligence as well as a great inspiration to many philosphers and people pa st and present. Karl Marx was a man of action for the less fortunate class, in that sense his theories are not wrong, to a certain extent they are positve inquisitions. It is those whom have practiced Marx theories that have misinterpreted his works giving Karl Marx a negative demeanor. Specifically Lenin and Stalin are two leaders who have brought shame to the works of Karl Marx and make this philospherRead MoreExample of Professional Ethics1200 Words   |  5 Pageslikely to injure their children. Is Dr. Smiths confidentiality policy justifiable? The rule-utilitarianism and deontology theories can be applied to express ethical reasoning to determine if the theories can bring about resolution. Rule-utilitarianism places practical reasoning by establishing moral rules that, when followed, brings about the best consequences (Moral Theories). It is thought of as a compromise. The rule-utilitarianism believes in a two-tier system to bring about the greatest happinessRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Teaching797 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosphy of Teaching The the purpose of this paper is to identify/describe and discuss my personal philosophy teaching. As I describe my theory of learning I will talk about experiences that have affected me. As well as identify areas of pedagogy that have influenced my personal philosophy. I will then describe how my philosophy teaching guide my teaching style. Personal Experinces My personal philosophy of teaching has its foundations in my experiences as a student. These experiences as aRead MoreJohn Locke: Second Treatise of Civil Government Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesthe theories of Newton. Lockes views that experience produces ideas led him to believe that people are not aware of physical objects, but rather that they are aware of symbols for those objects, a believe shared by others such as Galileo and Descartes before him.John Locke became convinced that true knowledge cannot be attained in natural science, but only through concrete mathematics. This theory was later adopted by several other philosophers. Locke was the first theorist of the philosphy of liberalismRead MoreEpistemology Paper1080 Words   |  5 PagesEpistemology Schools Paper Arika Boyd PHL/215 Dixie Hoyt 09/15/09 Epistemology or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy related to the scope and nature of knowledge. The subject focuses on examining the nature of knowledge, and how it relates to beliefs, justification, and truth. Epistemology contract with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. The question is what does people Know? The core of this questions andRead MoreRunning Head Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesalso guided by theories. Nursing theories and philosophies of nursing are related because they directly affect each other. A nurse’s philosophy of nursing determines what type of models or theories he or she uses, just as the nursing theories used will help develop his or her personal philosophy. In some ways, nursing theories and philosophies are the same in that both provide a way nurses to approach their individual patients that provide the best care for them. Nursing Theory (2013). NursingRead MoreI Appreciate Barbour s Praiseworthy And Toilsome Effort914 Words   |  4 PagesFor Barbour, because both disciplines have continuities and discontinuities they can contribute to our more comprehensive understanding of the reality of our experiences in the world through their metaphorical relationship. 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Psychological health can be emphasized in how a person maintains theirRead MoreEthical Decision Making990 Words   |  4 Pagesof how it relate in the field of Criminal Justice? When conflict arises it’s not always possible to decide who is right or wrong; however our moral responsibility is to resolve problems to the best of our ability. The utilitarian and universal theories are two of several philosophical approaches or methods that can be implemented when making these types of decisions (Zalta amp; Geoff, 2008). The Utilitarian Approach: Utilitarianism is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to

Trade Agreements A Bilateral Trade Agreement - 2214 Words

A bilateral trade agreement is a trade pact signed between two countries, providing special or favored trading status among them. Countries with bilateral gets expanded access to the markets of the agreed partner which helps increase trade and economic growth. Most bilateral trade agreements cover certain standardized aspects of trade such as the protection of each country’s innovative products, prevent the dumping products at a cheap cost, or using unfair subsidies to protect certain industries. The agreements may also cover standardize regulations on labor issues and environmental protections. Most importantly, bilateral trade agreements turn to eliminate tariffs and other trade taxes in order to gives companies within countries involved a price advantage. The trade agreement signed between the U.S.-Korea on March 15, 2012 meant countless new opportunities for U.S. exporters to sell more of their goods, services, as well as agricultural products to Korean customers and to support more good jobs here at home. The agreement led to the elimination of around 80% of tariffs and ultimately boosted exports by $10 billion. The trade agreement between the USA - China signed in 1999 provided increased access for US exports across a broad range of commodities and elimination of barriers. The terms of the agreement required a significant cut in tariffs by January 2004. The agreement covered trade in agricultural products from china and priority products from the US. The establishmentShow MoreRelatedU.s. Bilateral Trade Agreements1584 Words   |  7 PagesPreferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), of which bilateral and regional trade agreements are a part. Of the 162 member countries, Mongolia was the only WTO member without PFA by 2005 (WTO, 2016). 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Rugman and Richard M (2000:154) International trade is the branch of economics concerned with the exchange of goods and services with foreignRead MoreWorld Trade Organization ( Wto )1055 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Trade Organization (WTO) is an international institution that supervises and ensures the executions of trade agreements and treaties among economic entities. Its headquarter is located in Geneva (Switzerland). It was called Economic UN for its status of international trade. The volumes of trade of the members have become the majority international trade. It is the maker, supervisor and executor of multilateral trade treaties and agreements. It is an important place to settle trade disputesRead MoreGatt And Its Eventual Development1413 Words   |  6 PagesFounded in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO)—formally known as the Gen eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)—would officially commence in the late 20th century with more than 123 nations taking part. The intergovernmental organization, which was established to regulate international trade, replaced GATT as of April 15th, 1994 following the signing of the Marrakesh Agreement by more than 120 global nations, and was officially legitimized more than 20 years ago on January 1st 1995 followingRead MoreU.s. Trade Policy Policies1606 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. Trade Policy Throughout history, the United States’ trading policies have shifted from early protectionism intended to generate revenue and support domestic industry growth to a high degree of free trade within the international trade market (Carbaugh, 2015). In between, policy changes designed to increase and decrease tariffs were enacted due to pressure from politicians, economists, industries, citizens and other countries. Yet, emphasized in the ensuing paragraphs, America’s continuous efforts

Report About ABC Timber And Hardware Store †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Report About ABC Timber And Hardware Store. Answer: Introduction The following report is all about ABC timber and hardware store which has group of hardware store in the whole country. The firm has around 12 branches and has a sales representative for each branch (Baer, 2012). The sales representative of the following firm is loyal to the firm and gives their best effect on building knowledge and good relationship with various customer. Now the organization is facing problem for establishing itself in the long run. Regardless of the existing information the firm has the following report will focus on transmitting knowledge form senior staff to new staff. This new method will help organizing sales files in the system and accounting system so that information is not misused. The fact is to be considered that this new technique is used by different staff members. Existing Strength and Weakness Strength Present system of the organization has various strength which help in organizing the hierarchy with different representative of the sales who have many years of work experience in the company and has successfully built a good relationship with the various customers. The present system of the company has proper network which is helpful in managing the accounting system for large database from the customer information. The direction of the organization is happy with present situation. Weakness The present of the given organization that is ABC has some issues like overflow of database which creates a problem for the sales manager. This organization does not keep a track of transmitting knowledge because of lack of training and communication. There is a interval of two to three weeks before the representative of sales can access the reports for the department of administration. Due to the lack of training the new staff new needs more time for gaining knowledge. Emerging Technology Relevant of Present System Regardless of the pros and cons of the existing system the new information system will add ecommerce which is the ultimate goal for conducting their business activity over the computer network and also the present mobile and cloud computing is avoided slowly, time consumption which is based on information and provides communication at a much faster rate. Use of mobile phone: Emerging technology like the mobile phones will ultimately help in changing the mode of operation (Bijker et al., 2012). One such example ismobile information management (MIM) which device based on security strategy which allows important data containing information to be seen in various mobile application. The ultimate goal of this mobile application is making the mode of communication easier (Brodie Mylopoulos, 2012). The application allows user to create groups to exchange information with the people he selects. Mobile application will help in the business of ABC better and faster. Use of cloud computing: Cloud computing is nothing but an information system which offer easy access to configurable sources. This particular organization does not have a large amount of information about the customers (Carlsson, 2012). For planning of business continuity, it is important to protect this data. Cloud computing technology is important for protecting the important data which is very helpful in case of disaster. On the contrary it helps in providing a quick and easy access to data without wasting of time and money. Help of cloud in ABC timber: Cloud computing is easily accessed by different employees from anywhere and anytime. It will help the various sales representative in easy communication of various sales representatives. It will provide a platform where sales manager can easily communicate a report to various representatives present in different location by cloud technology which is quick and secure. Reducing cost: In the following organization that is ABC timber it can be said that it has very high cost of IT (Kerzner, 2013). One of the biggest plus point of cloud technology is that it reduces the cost of system and various devices like storage, upgradation cost, cost of energy consumption by proper use of various resources that is offered by different cloud service provider. Stakeholders and Relevant Personnel Hardware stakeholder of the following organization that is ABC timber are Sales representative Sales representatives has been working for several years and they have decided to gather every year at the conference of annual sales. There is at least one representative from each branch of the organization and they are required to submit the monthly reports for the various activities of the sales manager. Sales Manager Present sales manager has been working with the organization for many years. He keeps a track of the reports of various representatives and ultimately provide a feedback by checking or identifying different issues (Meagher, 2012). After having a conversation with various sales representative about the about the different problems a report is prepared and after that is filled up and sent away to the filling system of the office. Administrative Department It emphasizes on preparing a production which is provided to the sales manager and his team. Planning for Development and Implementation of Information Management System Business planning: It is considered to be an important method for building team and analyzing control of important factors of business such as inside and outside environment (Peppard Ward, 2016). It uses ABC timber, vision and goals and objective. Information system analysis has ABC timber and hardware vision and different strategic goals for checking investment. Tactical mainly analyses on the present needs of information which is needed for business and different priorities (Pestana et al., 2012). Projects based on development of information system has different plans for financial and sources of technology. Operation: It emphasizes on development of short and long plans. Implementation of new information system New business system inclusive of changes in different process of business, structure of organization, description of job and assignment and it also work with different relations. Some of the activities for achieving operational system for different users are: Acquisition which is nothing but acquiring the knowledge of various hardware and software knowledge regarding the cloud and mobile computing. Software development forecast: Upgradation of current computer programs for adaption of cloud programs and making necessary changes. Testing: Checking the given system for new adaptation` Training: Different sales manager and representatives are needed to be trained and educated. Documentation: Information system of the new system should be recorded and stored Conversation: The ultimate step in the conversation of present system into new system. Reason for conducting training needs analysis Training basically needs a proper and systematic approach for checking the needs of training, business needs, present competitors, methods of training, cost effectiveness (Pestana et al., 2012). Proper training programs for short and long term can effectively check the needs of training and helping sales persons for obtaining the same level of information as the higher sales officers. The given firm that is ABC timber and hardware is required to check the needs of training constantly. Human, Finance and physical source Human resource Education which is done through participation of various employees related to the option of implementation of task and making proper decision (Romney Steinbart, 2012). The main team members of the organization need to check smooth transition of different system. Financial resources Financial resources will check the cost of implementation of various hardware, software which is only needed for hiring different tools but also for maintaining the expenditure cost, maintenance cost and new upgradation(Stone, Federer Christie, 2012). Physical resources The new system will have an impact on the database of the current system, operation procedures like system analysist and data administrator. Promotion Activities For encouragement of staff new information system an activity should be established by branding technique. An online branding technique will help in achieving a better training regarding their job which uses cloud computing and better relationship with customers from senior employees (Wnuk, 2017). They should be motivated to access to access the cloud technology form anytime and anywhere. Monitoring Programs Monitoring system can be easily applied to the use mobile for collection of data containing information. It will eliminate the issue of paper based method along with evaluation of training. Recording of employee hours, tracing their position and allowing different employee for establishing communication among themselves. Data collection tools helps in maintaining new system and proper designing of surveys which can be considered to be a vital question. The main problem of the data is overloading of data for invaluable data and can be easily fixed with proper short answer at the time of survey. Policies and Procedure for system effectiveness Classification of data It is important for following organization that is ABC to have a proper idea about the protection of data for high risk. Data is inclusive of confidential, personal and public. Virus prevention Policy ABC timber computer and network policy will be protected by the approval of different antivirus software. Legal and ethical issue Legal requirements: It involves the requirement and negligence of risk that can hamper the health, safety and welfare. Ethical requirements: Avoidance of ethical problems can be achieved by writing a code of ethics and set of behaviors. It will specifically check what is appropriate for the given organization. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that ABC timber and hardware will help the information system for the establishment of better collection of data for achieving more valuable information and training of new employees can be beneficial for senior employees. Various promotional activities will be affected to new information system and after that providing an immediate feedback form it. The new MIS technology will accept and follow the current policies and procedures for checking legal requirements and ignoring ethical issues. References Baer, M. (2012). Putting creativity to work: The implementation of creative ideas in organizations.Academy ofManagement Journal,55(5), 1102-1119. Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P., Pinch, T., Douglas, D. G. (2012).The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology. MIT press. Brodie, M. L., Mylopoulos, J. (Eds.). (2012).On knowledge basemanagement systems: integrating artificial intelligence and database technologies. Springer Science Business Media. Carlsson, B. (Ed.). (2012).Technological systems in the bio industries: An international study(Vol. 26). Springer Science Business Media. Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Meagher, K. (2012). The strength of weak states? Non?state security forces and hybrid governance in Africa.Development and Change,43(5), 1073-1101. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Pestana, G., Rebelo, I., Duarte, N., Couronn, S. (2012). Adressing stakeholders coordination for airport efficiency and decision-support requirements.Journal of Aerospace Operations,1(3), 267-280. Pestana, G., Rebelo, I., Duarte, N., Couronn, S. (2012). Adressing stakeholders coordination for airport efficiency and decision-support requirements.Journal of Aerospace Operations,1(3), 267-280. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012).Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Stone, W. F., Lederer, G., Christie, R. (Eds.). (2012).Strength and weakness: The authoritarian personality today. Springer Science Business Media. Wnuk, K. (2017, April). Involving relevant stakeholders into the decision process about software components. InSoftware Architecture Workshops (ICSAW), 2017 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 129-132). IEEE.